Cognitive AI

Cognitive AI | Essays | John Ball | Large Language Models

Patom Theory Understands the Meaning Behind Language
ByJohn Ball November 23, 2025January 25, 2026

For most of my life, I have pondered a question that sits at the very center of howour brain works: how do we understand language?The question isn’t how we repeat language, nor how we recognize its surfacepatterns, but how we understand its meaning in context. If you ask ten expertsabout this subject, called Natural Language…

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Chris Lonsdale | Cognitive AI | Essays | Language Learning | Learning Chinese | Learning English

Your Struggles Aren’t Your Fault – Rebooting the Brain’s Natural Language System
ByChris Lonsdale November 23, 2025January 18, 2026

For more than forty years I have asked myself a simple question: why do some people learn languages quickly and naturally, while others struggle despite years of study? This question has shaped almost every major decision of my life. It guided my studies in psychology and linguistics. It took me across Asia, where I witnessed…

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